leakage for 2009 december nursing board exam

NCLEX SAMPLE QUESTIONS

1. A nurse is reviewing a patient’s medication during shift change. Which of the following medication would be contraindicated if the patient were pregnant? Note: More than one answer may be correct.

A: Coumadin
B: Finasteride
C: Celebrex
D: Catapress
E: Habitrol
F: Clofazimine

2. A nurse is reviewing a patient’s PMH. The history indicates photosensitive reactions to medications. Which of the following drugs has not been associated with photosensitive reactions? Note: More than one answer may be correct.

A: Cipro
B: Sulfonamide
C: Noroxin
D: Bactrim
E: Accutane
F: Nitrodur

3. A patient tells you that her urine is starting to look discolored. If you believe this change is due to medication, which of the following patient’s medication does not cause urine discoloration?

A: Sulfasalazine
B: Levodopa
C: Phenolphthalein
D: Aspirin

4. You are responsible for reviewing the nursing unit’s refrigerator. If you found the following drug in the refrigerator it should be removed from the refrigerator’s contents?

A: Corgard
B: Humulin (injection)
C: Urokinase
D: Epogen (injection)

5. A 34 year old female has recently been diagnosed with an autoimmune disease. She has also recently discovered that she is pregnant. Which of the following is the only immunoglobulin that will provide protection to the fetus in the womb?

A: IgA
B: IgD
C: IgE
D: IgG

6. A second year nursing student has just suffered a needlestick while working with a patient that is positive for AIDS. Which of the following is the most important action that nursing student should take?

A: Immediately see a social worker
B: Start prophylactic AZT treatment
C: Start prophylactic Pentamide treatment
D: Seek counseling

7. A thirty five year old male has been an insulin-dependent diabetic for five years and now is unable to urinate. Which of the following would you most likely suspect?

A: Atherosclerosis
B: Diabetic nephropathy
C: Autonomic neuropathy
D: Somatic neuropathy

8. You are taking the history of a 14 year old girl who has a (BMI) of 18. The girl reports inability to eat, induced vomiting and severe constipation. Which of the following would you most likely suspect?

A: Multiple sclerosis
B: Anorexia nervosa
C: Bulimia
D: Systemic sclerosis

9. A 24 year old female is admitted to the ER for confusion. This patient has a history of a myeloma diagnosis, constipation, intense abdominal pain, and polyuria. Which of the following would you most likely suspect?

A: Diverticulosis
B: Hypercalcaemia
C: Hypocalcaemia
D: Irritable bowel syndrome

10. Rho gam is most often used to treat____ mothers that have a ____ infant.

A: RH positive, RH positive
B: RH positive, RH negative
C: RH negative, RH positive
D: RH negative, RH negative

11. A new mother has some questions about (PKU). Which of the following statements made by a nurse is not correct regarding PKU?

A: A Guthrie test can check the necessary lab values.
B: The urine has a high concentration of phenylpyruvic acid
C: Mental deficits are often present with PKU.
D: The effects of PKU are reversible.

12. A patient has taken an overdose of aspirin. Which of the following should a nurse most closely monitor for during acute management of this patient?

A: Onset of pulmonary edema
B: Metabolic alkalosis
C: Respiratory alkalosis
D: Parkinson’s disease type symptoms

13. A fifty-year-old blind and deaf patient has been admitted to your floor. As the charge nurse your primary responsibility for this patient is?

A: Let others know about the patient’s deficits.
B: Communicate with your supervisor your patient safety concerns.
C: Continuously update the patient on the social environment.
D: Provide a secure environment for the patient.

14. A patient is getting discharged from a SNF facility. The patient has a history of severe COPD and PVD. The patient is primarily concerned about their ability to breath easily. Which of the following would be the best instruction for this patient?

A: Deep breathing techniques to increase O2 levels.
B: Cough regularly and deeply to clear airway passages.
C: Cough following bronchodilator utilization
D: Decrease CO2 levels by increase oxygen take output during meals.

15. A nurse is caring for an infant that has recently been diagnosed with a congenital heart defect. Which of the following clinical signs would most likely be present?

A: Slow pulse rate
B: Weight gain
C: Decreased systolic pressure
D: Irregular WBC lab values

16. A mother has recently been informed that her child has Down’s syndrome. You will be assigned to care for the child at shift change. Which of the following characteristics is not associated with Down’s syndrome?

A: Simian crease
B: Brachycephaly
C: Oily skin
D: Hypotonicity

17. A patient has recently experienced a (MI) within the last 4 hours. Which of the following medications would most like be administered?

A: Streptokinase
B: Atropine
C: Acetaminophen
D: Coumadin

18. A patient asks a nurse, “My doctor recommended I increase my intake of folic acid. What type of foods contain the highest concentration of folic acids?”

A: Green vegetables and liver
B: Yellow vegetables and red meat
C: Carrots
D: Milk

19. A nurse is putting together a presentation on meningitis. Which of the following microorganisms has noted been linked to meningitis in humans?

A: S. pneumonia
B: H. influenza
C: N. meningitis
D: Cl. difficile

20. A nurse is administering blood to a patient who has a low hemoglobin count. The patient asks how long to RBC’s last in my body? The correct response is.

A: The life span of RBC is 45 days.
B: The life span of RBC is 60 days.
C: The life span of RBC is 90 days.
D: The life span of RBC is 120 days.

Answer Key 11-20.

11. (D) The effects of PKU stay with the infant throughout their life.
12. (D) Aspirin overdose can lead to metabolic acidosis and cause pulmonary edema development.
13. (D) This patient’s safety is your primary concern.
14. (C) The bronchodilator will allow a more productive cough.
15. (B) Weight gain is associated with CHF and congenital heart deficits.
16. (C) The skin would be dry and not oily.
17. (A) Streptokinase is a clot busting drug and the best choice in this situation.
18. (A) Green vegetables and liver are a great source of folic acid.
19. (D) Cl. difficile has not been linked to meningitis.
20. (D) RBC’s last for 120 days in the body.

Answer Key

1. (A) and (B) are both contraindicated with pregnancy.
2. (F) All of the others have can cause photosensitivity reactions.
3. (D) All of the others can cause urine discoloration.
4. (A) Corgard could be removed from the refigerator.
5. (D) IgG is the only immunoglobulin that can cross the placental barrier.
6. (B) AZT treatment is the most critical innervention.
7. (C) Autonomic neuropathy can cause inability to urinate.
8. (B) All of the clinical signs and systems point to a condition of anorexia nervosa.
9. (B) Hypercalcaemia can cause polyuria, severe abdominal pain, and confusion.
10. (C) Rho gam prevents the production of anti-RH antibodies in the mother that has a Rh positive fetus.

11. (D) The effects of PKU stay with the infant throughout their life.
12. (D) Aspirin overdose can lead to metabolic acidosis and cause pulmonary edema development.
13. (D) This patient’s safety is your primary concern.
14. (C) The bronchodilator will allow a more productive cough.
15. (B) Weight gain is associated with CHF and congenital heart deficits.
16. (C) The skin would be dry and not oily.
17. (A) Streptokinase is a clot busting drug and the best choice in this situation.
18. (A) Green vegetables and liver are a great source of folic acid.
19. (D) Cl. difficile has not been linked to meningitis.
20. (D) RBC’s last for 120 days in the body.

investigatory project by DOST

Science Investigatory Project

First High-Tech Pinoy Invention After the long years of waiting, Pinoy innoventors led by Fil-American Brian Quebengco, unveiled their year’s work. The Ilumina I-TV is the revolutionary technology that would definitely change the world. The Ilumina ITV, says these young innovators, is a convergence product. Meaning, it was created with two things in mind ease of use in a timeless design. Essentially, it’s an LCD television with a powerful punch a computing capability that allows the consumer to watch TV and access the Internet all at the same time.

Building Board Made of Chicken Feathers A research is done in University of the Philippines Los Baños by Professor Menandro Acda, which is funded by the Ford Conservation and Environmental Grants programme. The research is being heralded as economically and environmentally sound. Acda has created a new composite building board made of chicken feathers that could be a major breakthrough for the construction industry in Asia. The new material would be resistant to the region's armies of termites, and could also solve a major environment problem in the Philippines by providing a way to dispose of millions of kilos of waste feathers each year. ITDI Develops Solar Technology To clean industrial-wastewater pollutants, Industrial Technology Development Institute (ITDI) of the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) has eliminated pesticides in contaminated water by developing a technology using sunlight and ordinary cosmetics ingredients. Environmentalists in Bulacan welcome the development as it pose a possible solution to revive the Marilao, Meycauayan and Obando river system that the Blacksmith Institute, an international environment watchdog, has listed among the 30 dirtiest rivers in the world. New Packaging for Guimaras Fresh Mangoes To enhance product presentation and protect the mangoes from stress that might affect its taste, the current practice of packaging Guimaras fresh mangoes were improved by the Department of Science and Technology Region VI (DOST VI). Guimaras fresh mangoes are known worldwide as the sweetest mangoes. Tourists and visitors of the island usually crave for the world's famous mango and more often they bring along with them fresh mangoes from Guimaras as presents and pasalubong to their family and friends. Used Cooking Oil as an Additive Component of Candle Abstract The study aims to produce a low-priced, high-quality candle by using used cooking oil as a major component. The following candle compositions were used: 100 percent paraffin wax; 90 percent paraffin and 10 percent oil; 80 percent paraffin and 20 percent oil; 70 percent paraffin and 30 percent oil; 60 percent paraffin and 40 percent oil; 50 percent paraffin and 50 percent oil. The firmness, texture, and light intensity of the candles were tested and compared. Results of the tests showed that the candle made from 100 percent paraffin wax had the lowest melting rate, lowest amount of melted candle, and a light intensity of 100 candelas (cd). The 90:10 preparation had the next lowest melting rate and amount of melted candle. The other preparations ranked according to the proportion of used cooking oil in the candle, with the 50:50 preparation performing least comparably with the 100 percent paraffin wax candle. Introduction Today, candles are made not only for lighting purposes but for many other uses such as home décor, novelty collections, as fixtures for big occasions (weddings, baptismals, etc.), and as scented varieties for aromatherapy. Candles are made from different types of waxes and oils. Cooking oil is a major kitchen item in Filipino households. It is also used substantially in fast-food outlets, where it is used in different stages of food preparations. Ordinarily, used cooking oil is discarded. This waste oil pollutes and clogs canals and sewerage systems. Dried Papaya Leaves as Organic Mulch for Tomato Plants Abstract Mulching in agricultural provides a safe yet equally profitable method of enriching and fertilizing the soil planted with crops. Most often-used mulches are of organic composition, such as dry leaves and barks. Unlike synthetic fertilizers and herbicides, these organic mulches pose no or little damage to the soil and crops. In this study, the effectiveness of dried papaya leaves as organic mulch for tomato was tested. Papaya mulches in different thickness were applied on plots planted with tomato in three replications. After the determined period of mulch application, the researchers application, the researchers measured the height increases of tomato plants ands the weed density in the plots. It was concluded that papaya mulch significantly promoted height increase of tomato plants and inhibited the growth of weeds. The best mulch was 3 inches in thickness. Introduction Usually defined as the use of organic and biodegradable materials to give plants the nutrients they need, organic farming proved to be the safest and most effective method of increasing and sustaining yield. Various methods fall under organic farming, such as composting, green manuring, legume inoculating, and utilizing animal manure as fertilizers. Mulching is a simple process that increases soil fertility and regulating several factors affecting overall plant growth. In this method, a layer of material-the mulch-is placed on soil surface around the plant. The mulch is used to retard the growth of weeds, protect roots and stems from sudden or extreme temperature changes, reduce soil erosion by wind and water, retard runoff of rainfall, prevent soil puddling by breaking the impact of raindrops, and keep flowers and fruits from being spattered with mud during rainstorms Cassava starch as an effective component for Ideal Biodegradable Plastic Inventions have evolved and continue to evolve such that after several years of study, research and experimentation reach great developments. With continuing efforts to investigate the constituents of Philippine plants, we have pursued investigation of starch of the cassava plant (Manihot esculenta). Cassava tubers were gathered, ground and squeezed to extract starch. Starch obtained was weighed and divided into three equal parts; 80 grams in T1, T2 and T3. Treatments also consisted of 60 ml plastic resin glue and resin with 50 grams of flour catalyst for T1, 100 grams for T2 and 150 grams in T3. The components in every treatment were mixed, stirred and then poured in silk screen with oil and then sun-dried. Test for capacity to carry weight indicated T3 as the best. For its ability to hold water, all products passed but for biodegradability, T1 gave the best results. The tensile and bending properties had been tested using the Universal Testing Machine and Analysis showed that T3 had the greatest tensile strength while T2 had the greatest bending property. Using ANOVA single Factor, results showed that there was significant difference among the three treatments in bending and tensile strength. However, for biodegradability test there was no significant difference. The final phase of the study determined the effectiveness of cassava starch as component of biodegradable plastic. Results confirmed that cassava starch is ideal as tests proved its worth. Cogon Grass Cardboard Food Packaging Abstract The feasibility of cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica) as a substitute for cardboard food packaging was studied in this research project. The cogon grass was cut, boiled, and crushed in order to get the pulp. The pulp was then subjected to five different treatments before it was made into a card board like material. The amount of resin and other additives was kept constant while the amount of starch was varied in every treatment. Introduction Nonbiodegradable waste is a major concern everywhere in the world. The bulk of the world’s waste consists of the hard-to-break-down products, such as styrofoam. Styrofoam is commonly used as food containers in fast food restaurants. Because it cannot be recycled, this particular waste contributes largely to the world’s increasing garbage problem. To lessen this environmental problem, one logical solution is to use biodegradable materials or recyclable ones. Paper is being reconsidered and encouraged for use. This material can be recycled over and over again. However, trees still need to be cut for paper production. This spells trouble for the already depleted forests. Because of this, the researchers thought of another alternative. This alternative uses cogon grass for making the pulp and the paper. Cogon grass is found abundantly in many places and is sometimes considered a nuisance. Used Cooking Oil as Subtitute to Diesel Abstract This study, Trans-Esterified Used-Cooking Oil as Substitute to Diesel, aims to produce a diesel with physical properties comparable to commercially produced diesels. The researchers surveyed the top three oil products that public utility jeepney drivers use: Caltex, Petron and Shell. The biodiesel was produced through a process called trans-esterification. It makes methyl ester from the used cooking oil that is similar to the complex hydrocarbon chains of petroleum products. Glycerine and soap are the byproducts of this process. A percent yield of 73 percent makes the product relatively good for economic distribution. Introduction The Philippines is actually rich in energy resources. Filipinos are still seeking for the proverbial pot of gold, not knowing that this black gold is sitting in their own backyard. And so, the researchers thought of using a material abundant in the home-used cooking oil to develop fuel for cars. The researchers would also want to know the feasibility and usefulness of used-cooking oil as a car fuel Alternative Methods of Producing Iodized Salt Abstract Due to the high incidence of iodine deficiency diseases (IDD) in the Philippines, iodized salt has become quite popular on the market. The aim of this research project is to discover different methods of making cheap and accessible iodized salt. Different gadgets were designed to mix the salt and potassium iodate (KIO3) adequately. The iodometric titration method was used to test for the iodine content of the manufactured salt. To prove the efficiency and consistency of the gadget, the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test was performed. It has been shown that the iodine has been evenly distributed at 100 ppm, which is the standard amount. Thus, satisfactory results have been obtained. However, ways to improve the appearance and stability of the salt under storage may still be pursued. Introduction Iodine deficiency diseases (IDD) are very common in the Philippines, especially in the mountainous regions and in regions located in inland areas without direct access to the sea. In 1987, about 3.5 percent of the population was affected with IDD, according to the goiter prevalence survey done by Food and Nutrition Research Institute (FNRI). Mechanical Chalkdust Dispenser Abstract The mechanical chalk dispenser aims to hasten the removal of chalk dust on the chalkboard eraser. It will also enclose the dusts preventing possible skin irritation. It also produces chalks with the aid of the resin. The researchers made a machine guided by the principles of level and wheel and axle. In making chalks, additives were added in the chalk dust forming the common chalk. Introduction One of the many problems that every school and office is facing today is the process of dispensing chalk dust from erasers. Students have found different methods to accomplish this unwanted task such as pounding the chalk eraser on the lid of the trashcan, on the wall, or on the screen of the currently used chalk dispenser. These methods are similar in two things: (1) they involve the inevitable pounding, which is very tiring on the part of the person doing the job; and (2) they spread the chalk dust in the air, causing many problems, one of which is the unwillingness of the students to do this particular job, because it causes premature cramping of the hand. Another is that the chalk dust can cause skin irritation and may lead to skin disorders. Chalk dust can also trigger asthma when inhaled and is a definite nuisance to the environment since it returns excess carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Wastepaper and Coir with Okra Mucilage Abstract Presently, people everywhere are focusing on environmental concerns. As a result, there are movements toward recycling wastes and using natural substances. Recycled paper is one of the more popular forms, since it is possible to make by hand and utilizes a variety of materials. These have included okra mucilage and coconut fibers, things that are relatively cheap and abundant. However, such paper has not been qualitatively tested. In this research, a lot of used paper was shredded and pulped. Up to 75% mucilage was extracted from okra. The coir fibers were cooked for at least three hours, after which the fibers were made fine. Three batches of paper were produced. The first was made up of pure recycled paper; the second of recycled paper and okra mucilage; and the third, recycled paper, okra mucilage, and coconut fibers. Introduction This research aims to determine whether the combination of wastepaper, coconut fibers, and okra mucilage for paper production is feasible or not. It also aims to evaluate the qualities of paper using okra mucilage as a binder. Nonstandard and standard tests determining the characteristics of paper such as tensile strength, tearing strength, and burst factor are conducted. Recycling materials have become important in preserving natural resources. Handmade paper is especially popular, because a variety of materials may be employed. Such paper is currently being made into attractive stationery and greeting cards. Potential Use of Oyster Shells in Ceramic Production This study focused on the possibility of replacing silica in ceramic production with oyster shells. Powdered oyster shells were used instead of silica in the production of ceramics. The texture, color and durability of the ceramics were compared to those made with silica. Six kilograms of Vigan clay and 2.5 kg of ball clay were mixed and soaked in water overnight. The following day, the mixture was kneaded again and filtered. The mixture was placed over Plaster of Paris for the water to be absorbed. The solidified mixture was then rolled and compressed to let the air escape from the spaces inside the solidified mixture. After this, the mixture was molded, air dried for four days and fired in a furnace. Three trials were made at different temperatures – 900 degrees Celcius, 950 degrees Celcius and 1000 degrees Celcius. The finished products were compared in terms of texture and color to those made using silica. Ten evaluators from the staff of the University of Northern Philippines – Ceramics Research, Training and Development Center rated set-ups in a scale of 1-10 with 1 being the lowest rating and 10 the highest. It was found that the texture of the experimental set-up is better than the control set-up. It was also found that the color of the experimental set-up is comparable to the control set-up. Tests on durability of the ceramics, which were done at SLU College of Engineering Laboratory, revealed that the experimental set-up is more durable than the control set-up. This proves that oyster shell can be utilized in the production of ceramics. It also affirms that ceramics made using oyster shells are better than those produced using silica in terms of texture and durability. Seaweed Chips Nutritional Snack Food Abstract There is an abundance of snack foods in the market today, but few incorporate substantial nutrients. Since this kind of food is popular to the young, the group ascertained that a nutritious alternative would be inevitable. The group chose Eucheuma cottonii, a kind of seaweed, to produce a snack food. Seaweed is high in iodine. The seaweed materials were flown in from Cebu. The samples were granulated, then mixed with flour, water, and flavoring. This was made into chips. The chips prepared were tested for acceptability using the affective sensory evaluation. The Friedmann’s and Chi-squared statistical tests were used to determine the most acceptable among the treatments. It was found from the nutrient test that seaweed samples have minimal amounts of fat and protein, but are rich in carbohydrates. It was concluded that seaweed chips are feasible as a carbohydrate- and iodine-rich nutritional snack food. Introduction The main aim of this research is to develop chips from E. cottonii into a commercially acceptable nutritional snack food.

the emoest blog ever by wiltonburg

Current Mood: Hard to describe, but it's probably similar to the feeling that a 7 year old feels after being sexually abused by Santa Claus at the mall. Also, I feel sad.

Current Music: I snuck into a funeral and recorded the sound of everyone crying, and now I'm playing that on repeat.

First of all, this blog is taking me an uber long time to type, because I cut off my left hand.
Lately I've seen a lot of people making fun of emo kids online, and I really don't like it. It makes me sad. That's why I cut off my hand. The more that people make fun of emo kids, the more emo I feel. Every time that you bastards make fun of us, it just separates us more and more from society. But whatever, society is for sellouts and corporate-robot assholes.
I'm crying right now.
Earlier today I went online and I was reading obituaries from Jamesburg, Minnesota. Some guy died of cancer. I thought it would be pretty emo to die of cancer on purpose, so I tried to smoke a cigarette, but it hurt my throat so I stopped. But then I felt like such a failure, because I couldn't even go through with it, so I cut off my hand.
I've been crying for 3 days straight. I'm pretty dehydrated.
I think my favorite shade of gray is uber dark gray. The color black is so overdone. Black is a fucking sell-out, like Jimmy Eat World and The Ultraforce 97's. I think that uber dark gray should be the new emo color. The color uber dark gray is probably the least corporately-influenced color out there, so it should totes be the new emo color. I'm going to dye my hair uber dark gray tonight. Does CVS sell uber dark gray hair coloring?
I wonder how many points my emo-score was raised by cutting off my hand...? Whatever, its probably too emo to even be on the quiz. My nub is so gross that I just threw up.

I'll blog again tomorrow if things don't go to plan,
Billy

P.S. This blog took me 3 hours to write. My mood is now "f-ing exhausted".